Fast food restaurant Essay Example for Free

Fast pabulum restaurant EssayIntroduction Fast viands is genuinely common in Hong Kong. We can find at least one libertine- intellectual nourishment restaurant nearby. McDonald, KFC, Burger King, double Os, Cafe de Carol can be prove every(prenominal)where in Hong Kong. Fast fodder means that the victuals can be prep ard and served very quickly. It can save us time and is convenient. picpicpic The address of this report is to investigate loyal aliment kitchen-gardening in Hong Kong nowa daylights. Firstly, trend of tight nourishment culture in Hong Kong would be given in commit to get further chthonianstanding of tight f atomic number 18. Secondly, negative impacts of fast solid aliment would be discussed. Thirdly, despite the position that Hong Kong people are more(prenominal) aware of their health, fast solid food restaurants drive emerged. Lastly, comparison betwixt fast food shops and fast- serve shops would be mentioned to find out how these two typ es of shops affect customers fiber of catering. Mr. Victor Chan, the Managing Director of the soprano Os, Hong Kong franchise, was interviewed to find out the answer. Current situation picFig. 1 Top 10 Global Markets for hebdomadal Fast intellectual nourishment. jibe to the survey from ACNielsen (Refer to figure1), Hong Kong has the mettlesomeest per centage of eating fast food in the world, with 61 per cent of people eating fast food at least once a week. The survey was conducted in October 2004 over the internet in 28 countries and regions across the Asia-Pacific, Europe and the US. It showed that more and more people are obsessed with fast food. Nine per cent of Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants at least once a day 86 per cent of people visited at least doubly a month.In the first nightclub months of this 2004, Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants on average seven times a month and spent $ 160. The survey revealed fast food has become a part of Hong Kong peoples lives. Hong Kong people are in fast pace of life. People have less time to eat and are busy to work. It makes fast food become more and more popular because it is convenient and comfortable. It replaces the position of traditional restaurants and these fast food shops have dominated our society gradually.Negative impacts of traditional fast food There are thousands of fast food shops in Hong Kong. They have totally variety showd eating habit and daily life of Hong Kong people. Albeit fast food is luscious and tasty, it brings several health problems. Fast food contains lots of fats and high calories. For example, McDonalds deliver the goodss a Big Mac, immense fries and a large Coca-Cola drink which have 1430 calories. In fact, 2000 calories is the maximum amount a individual needs in each day.Big Macs in Hong Kong contains more fat and cholesterol than those in the world. According to nutritional information on the companys website, each Hong Kong burger weighed 5 60 calories but 80 calories is more than Australia, 67 calories more than Britain and 60 calories more than the Middle East. Obviously, fast food leads to obesity and diabetes, and increases the risk of heart disease and high alliance pres certainly. Apparently, fast food contains high calories and lack in nutrition. Fast food is non proper repast that people can eat every day.Besides this, facing the influence of plentitude media and the trend in Hong Kong, slim body figures are encouraged. Therefore, Hong Kong people realize the importance of health. They are lede to eat muscular food with scurvy calories and fats. In ready to meet the demand of healthy and higher nutritional food from Hong Kong people, fast food shops start to provide healthy food to customers. For example, McDonalds try to give more filling to customers by providing healthier food, likes unspoilt salad and low fat yogurt.Fast food culture in Hong Kong has changed. Emergence of Fast-service food shops i n Hong Kong Interview with Triple Os White Spot Because of the nurture in spiritedness standard and change in eating habits of Hong Kong customers, traditional fast food shops, such as McDonalds and KFC, can no longer meet the demands of customers. The emergence of a brand unsanded type of catering choice fast-service food shops, introduces a new dine experience to Hong Kong customers, thus, bringing a positive and striking impact to the catering industry.One of the most successful fast-service food shops in Hong Kong is Triple Os White Spot, which was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1928, best fill inn for its hamburgers In 2003, Triple Os expanded its business to Hong Kong, setting up the first shop in the Great food hall in the basement of Pacific Place, Admiralty. Until 2010, on that point are already 5 Triple Os established throughout Hong Kong, in which the franchises each record more than twice as many sales as the average location in BC.In order to know mo re about fast-service food shops, an interview has been conducted with the managing director of the Triple Os, Hong Kong franchise, Mr. Victor Chan. pic pic Triple Os White Spot aims to provide high quality, home-made and healthy fast food and family-friendly services to take a shit a new kind of dining experience to customers. According to Mr. Chan, Triple Os in Hong Kong have to follow strictly the menu and ingredients set by the Canadian headquarter to ensure its high food quality.For instance, unlike traditional fast food shops that only when focus in lowering their end product cost, Triple Os milkshakes are made of fresh milk and premium ice-cream. Burger beef is from Australia, delivered fresh to Triple Os in Hong Kong, not frozen. Mr. Chan added that Triple Os menu pass on not change in order to suit the appetite of Hong Kong customers, therefore closureing in a exceptional choices of food in their menu compared to other fast food shops. In order to provide saucily m ade burgers, it usually takes up to 5 to complete a whole meal set.That is why customer-friendly service is provided in Triple Os. Instead of self-help service in traditional fast food shops, waiters will deliver meals to customers in individual, offering customers efficient dining services. Besides that, because of the insistence of high quality ingredients, equipment casualty of food is again higher than that of fast food shops. Yet, it does not affect customers choice of catering since they are now enjoying a higher living standard, willing to spend more for the relapse of good food and nice service.Triple Os success is also a result of change in eating habits and perceptions of Hong Kong customers. The idea of thin is in is widely spread by the mass media, people are getting more conscious about their physique and health, leading to the rise of a new kind of eating habit healthy eating. Believing that traditional fast food shops only proviso of deep-fried food, customers te nd to look for healthy, yet, delicious fast food for substitution. Triple Os hit the exact demand of customers. Food in Triple Os is generally low in fat and that no preservatives and artificial flavours are added in.Vegetarian burgers and lots of vegetables are included in every meal set in order for customers to achieve a balance diet, said Mr. Chan, healthy cookery methods are also used, such as roasting and grilling of burger beef and chicken stripes with polished olive oil rather than deep-frying. Fries with potato skins are again intended to provide dietetical fibre for better digestion of customers. Customers are free to choose according to their personal preference, having a custom-made burger in any way they want, like whether to add in any dressing in their burgers.Another special feature of Triple Os is that there is no advertisement about it at all. We rather spend our money in purchasing high quality ingredients than wasting them on advertising. We believe that wit h our food and service, reputation can be build up in no time. Once again, we prove ourselves justly said Mr. Chan. Marketing is clearly not the major concern of Triple Os. From the fast food shops point of view, we (fast-service food shops) have become a huge competitor to the traditional fast-service shops. Like McDonalds, they are, in fact, following our way in preparing food and provision of service.However, since there is vast difference between us and traditional fast food shops, we dont treat them as a direct competitor. Our aim is not only to provide fast food to customers, but a new dining experience, which makes us unique in the catering industry. Mr. Chan concluded by the end of the interview. Comparison between Fast food shops and Fast-service food shops Fast food shops have always been one of the dominating choices of catering. Yet, in recent years, there are a definite increasing number of fast-service food shops in Hong Kong, which result in an big competition bet ween the two.In the following table, we use the example of McDonalds (fast food shops) and Triple Os (fast-service food shops) to show the major differences between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, which affect customers choice of catering. pic pic Differences Fast food shops (McDonalds) Fast-service food shops (Triple Os) Quality of food Low High Ingredients used character of low quality ingredients to cut off production costStrictly follow the Canadian headquarters use of high e. g. quality ingredients e. g. milkshakes milk, water, and milk milkshakes fresh milk and premium powder ice-cream burger meat electronic organ meat mixed with Burger meat Australian imported, bread crumbs and onion pure beef Method of formulation Deep-frying Grilling and Roasting Health consciousness Less More - lack of vegetables and fruits in the menu - comprehension of vegetarian food choices - unhealthy cooking method used - healthier cooking methods used Flexibili ty of consistent food Standardized food Immediate, Custom-made e.g. - Burgers are pre-made for purchase, which follow a - Customers may add in more vegetables in their burgers or uniform standard. choose not to add any dressings at all. Food choices Wide variety Limited as it must follow the menu of their headquarters in - Burgers, fries, ice-cream, divergent types of Canada fried-food, soft drinks, pies - burgers, fries, onion rings, chicken stripes, milkshakes Characteristics Fast, convenient High quality of food, brand new type of dining experience No.of shops in HK More Less Cost Low High due to the high quality of ingredients used Services Less More - provides only ordering services in the cashier - provides not only ordering and packing up services, but also delivery of meals to customers like restaurants Advertisements More no(prenominal) - wide coverage via the mass media (e. g. TV ads, the - building up reputation by customers word of sassing In ternet, newspaper) - money used in quality ingredients rather than in advertisements From the above comparison, we can see that fast-service food shops introduces a brand new kind of catering experience to Hong Kong by providing high quality of food and efficient, customer-friendly services. As customers are macrocosm more health conscious, fast-service food shops seem to have hit the market, drafting enormous attention from customers of other types of catering choices, especially those of fast-food shops. Customers also enjoyed the idea of immediate and custom-made. Customers are able to order in according with their preferences.Burgers are freshly made with A-grade ingredients immediately upon order, which freshness of food can be completely guaranteed. Together with the efficient and friendly service provided, fast-service food shops seem to pull through and satisfy the demands of picky customers. The success of a few fast-service shops in Hong Kong is inevitably bringing i n a competitor to traditional fast-food shops. Conclusion In the past two decades, Hong Kong has inevitably been an international city under the great influence of fast food culture.As the only demand for food is efficiency, the mere provision of fast and convenient food could already satisfy the demands of most customers. Yet, with the improvement in economic level, living standard and change in eating habits of customers, fast food shop could no longer provide them with what they want. Customers are more willing to enjoy quality and healthy food and nice service when dining, thereby, leading to the introduction of fast-service food shops to Hong Kong.Fast-service food shops bring in huge impacts and brand new ideas to the fast food world. Not only efficiency, quality of food, provision of service and health consciousness should be brought into considerations in order to fulfill the demands of customers. The emergence of fast-service food shops provides a new choice of catering for customers, which leads to intense competition between fast food shops and them. Competition between the two definitely brings positive impacts to the catering industry.Traditional fast food shops seem to realize their shortcomings and need of change, now even McDonalds follow the way of fast-service food shops by providing immediate-made burgers instead of pre-made ones. Because of the vast difference between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, it is difficult to specify at this stage that which one of them can dominate the fast food industry. The only thing for sure is that customers are, always and forever, the winner in this match, having to enjoy the great foodReference OWikipedia OOfficial homepage of Triple Os Hong Kong OSouth china Morning Post OHong Kong Yahoo OACNielsen OHKUSPACE pic pic pic Vocabulary Sheet Fast Food Culture Word (parts of speech) significance Dietician (n) a person who is an expert in nutrition or dietetics Fast-food addict (n) a person wh o is addicted to fast-food Americanization (n) assimilate to the customs and institutions of the U. S. Delicacies (n) something delightful or pleasing, esp.a choice food considered with regard to its rarity, preciousness Sedentary (adj) characterized by or requiring a sitting posture Coronary (adj) of or pertaining to the human heart, with evaluate to health Superficial (adj) shallow not profound or thorough Standardize (v) to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, quality, strength Unpalatable (adj) not palatable unpleasant to the taste claim (n) the right or license granted by a company to an individual or gathering to market its products or services in a specific territory Variant (adj) tending to change or alter exhibiting variety or diversity Proliferate (v) to increase in number or spread rapidly and often excessively prominent (adj) standing out so as to be seen easily conspicuous particularly noticeable Prevalent (n) widespread of wi de extent or occurrence in general use or acceptance Ubiquity (n) the state or capacity of being everywhere, esp. at the same time Detrimental (adj) causing detriment damaging harmful Umpteen (adj) innumerous many Flavor-enhancing (adj) enhancing the flavor of food Paramount (adj) chief in importance or impact commanding preeminent Consumer-friendliness (n) products of non-harmful elements to consumers

Ecological Concepts Essay Example for Free

ecologic Concepts EssayEcology is the study of the relationship of between organisms and their environment, including both the living and nonliving compounds. Some of the ecologic concepts include succession, button flow between trophic levels, limiting factors, and carrying capacity. First, succession is a change in species structure of an bionomical community over time. Over time species in the community become more than and more abundant and may non be present at all one day. Also, sometimes new species might invade the community from nearby ecosystem. Ecologic successions occur as a dissolver of drastic change in the environment or species inability to reproduce or grow in a particular environment. There are two types of successions primary and secondary. Primary succession is when an area that was not occupied previously is occupied by a new community. Secondary succession starts where natural plant life is disrupted by humans, animals, or natural forces. Examples o f ecological succession are fires, wind storms, floods, earthquakes, tornados, and forest fires. cleverness flow between trophic levels is another ecological concept.Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food chain. This food chain involves primary producers, herbivores, primary carnivores, and more. Plants are producers and in the first trophic level, herbivores form the second level, and carnivores from third and fourth trophic levels. As only small amount of energy is transferred to the higher level there are fewer organisms in higher levels. Limiting factors is the third ecological concept. Limiting factors limit populations from growing any larger than they already are.There are two types of limiting factors Abiotic and biotic. Abiotic factors are nonliving components that affect living organisms and biotic factors are living components. For example 50 foxes fuel live in an environment that has enough food, water, and length for 60 foxes, but no more than 60 foxes cou ld live there. Lastly, carrying capacity is one the ecological concepts and is the population size of the species one environment can support. Food, water, habitat, and space are the factors that affect carrying capacity.For xample environment could urinate enough water for the community but not have enough space or food. Best example of carrying capacity is predator-prey relationship. For example in the Isle Royale study Park moose would overgraze the vegetation if wolves did not eat them, and without moose wolves would starve. Overall, these ecological concepts help up visit relationships between one species to another and to the environment they all live in. Also these concepts show how might changes in the environment affect species that live in it.

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Free swop In Society EssayHow does the society benefit from an economy strengthened on free dispense where two the labor and the buyer only seek personal gain? On an economy that is built of free trade, society will run like clockwork because of the various incentives that the various sectors of the economy provide. It is human temper for individual to act upon incentives. Children are commonly disciplined by their parents with the use of incentives.It is the same in the courtship of the laborer and the buyer. Both of them seek only personal gain. It is highly uncommon that either buyer or laborer will act for the greater good of the nation or for world peace. They work because they take to earn a living. They want a nicer car, a bigger home, a good education for their children, and a trip abroad for the summer perhaps. All their efforts are targeted to their personal goals, all of which is quantifiable in pecuniary value of money. The laborer will always look for a plac e where at that place is a higher monetary yield for a lesser amount of work. He will work harder if he knows that there is a promotion ahead. The buyer, on the other hand, will always search for a good bargain for each of his purchases. All in all, everyone wants more for their money and time. Society benefits from this system because it creates more competition in the markets of both buyers and laborers, resulting in more options and better options for both sectors. With this equilibrium, society benefits because the economy benefits, thus increasing the standard of living.If however, there is an oversupply of labor, wages will go down and unemployment will go up, distorting the balance. This is the same for buyers. A need in competition will increase prices and decrease their purchasing power. It is therefore necessary to maintain a good equilibrium in both labor markets and buyer markets which will result in a better economy, and which will eventually result in a higher stand ard of living for society.

How to Promote Service Users Rights and Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

How to Promote receipts Users Rights and Responsibilities EssayResponsibilitiesIn bid settings the term quality practice is utilize to describe the promotion of service drug users regenerates, which are essentially the same rights that are afforded to everyone else, such as the right to marry and freedom of expression Care workers must actively promote the rights of service users in companionship to entertain quality practice. One of the toughest things is to balance disclose rights and responsibilities. It means taking ownership not altogether of your stuff, but also keeping an eye out for the other people as well. For example, being responsible for(p) around the Queensland for the service users may mean cleaning up after your mess and taking awe of your belongings, but it also means having consideration for others, keeping the group areas of Queensland in reasonable condition, etc. The province extends beyond yourself, but to others in your environment as well.The service users are normally taught about rights previous(predicate) on as well. Rights are what service users are or should be entitled like confidentiality is their right. Service users are entitled to cite everyday choices, such as what food they wish to eat, what time they go to bed and get up, and what activities they wish to join. Encouraging service users to make choices is all about promoting independence, which at multiplication may involve some level of risk (such as if service users want to go out shopping etc).It would be the care workers responsibility to assess (in collaboration with the service user) whether the amount of risk habituated to certain activities is acceptable or not. Service users extradite the right to discover risks, but the careers involved feed a responsibility to ensure the safety of the service user. This is how in situations rights and responsibilities in Queensland are balanced If there are seven hamper service users, and they all need a wh eelchair for going out, and sometimes Queensland have a day out, now there is tension arisen here as not all of the disable service users would be allowed to go spend their day out, the solution for this problem would be that some of he disable service users have to stay behind and go the next day, and it would be care worker.To make choicesIn decision-making,Choice of activities and events in daily life in relation to the Services received.This standard is think to ensure the service provider implements Policies and practices that provide opportunities for service users to make informed decisions and choices on a everyday basis according to their individual Needs incorporate flexible service delivery options, which reflect the dynamical Needs and choices of service users. Aim at a balance between the principles of duty of care and to the lowest degree Restrictive alternatives that dont unduly limit the ability of service Users to make decisions or take responsibility for the ir actions facilitate access to other support required by service users to adequately flirt their needs, views, interests, choice and right.To confidentialityThis standard is intended to ensure the service provider implements policies and practices that comply with the privacy principles contained within applicable legislation ensure that service users are treated with dignity and respect in all aspects of their lives maintain the confidentiality of all personal information relating to service users.To protectRight to protect quality care in care setting which involves in providing protection. This helps to apply protection of Service users, e.g. they need to keep them save.Service users property e.g. by preventing theft.Care workers, e.g. by keeping them and their property in safe hands. Owners and managers of health, kindly care and early years settings are responsible for making sure that those within their care are protected from harm. This means that many care settings h ave installed security pads on all entrances and exists. To assoil access to the care settings either a confidential number must be keyed in or the door bell has to be used to summon help. In this way no undesirable visitors can access the building. Protection also means that making sure that service users are not abused. Service users are often unable to protect themselves and are at the mercy of those who care for them. It would be quite easy for a care worker to become angry or frustrated with a service user, particularly if they had a lot to do and the service user was displayed challenging behaviour.

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freedom of the Press EssayThe opinion of Americans ab fall out voice communication granting immunity is ambiguous. Ask any American, Kurtli writes, about breakup of speech and media in the US, and you will hear a loud resentment from the irresponsibility of the media, who, without hesitation, climb into the privacy of the stars, politicians and ordinary citizens, reveal state secrets, thereby facelift the ratings of TV programs and newspaper runs.Freedom Forum carried out a research on this topic. A field carried out in 2002 showed that, in the opinion of 42% of the respondents, too much disengagement was provided to the media. The accuracy of this sagaciousness is subjective. There is no doubt that the US legislation provides for perhaps the most extensive measures in the human to protect the rights of the media, as a result of which the guarantees of intellectual freedom in the United States are unfeignedly impressive.Freedom Forum carried out a research on this topic . A survey carried out in 2002 showed that, in the opinion of 42% of the respondents, too much disengagement was provided to the media. The accuracy of this assessment is subjective. There is no doubt that the US legislation provides for perhaps the most extensive measures in the world to protect the rights of the media, as a result of which the guarantees of intellectual freedom in the United States are truly impressive.Americans value their disengagement of speech and media. This is due to the fact that it creates an intellectual market of ideas. The US media has a wide field for expressing opinions and condense guard, which allows the people to directly monitor government decisions and take part in them, and allows a wide manikin of ideas to be tested in the market of symbolic designs.Such laws are based on the of import rectification to the main law. This, in turn, means that the American defense of intellectual expression is based on the norms of English common law, in accor dance with the nature and principles of which the laws are subject to exegetics by the judges. Such exegetics is carried out in the form of decisions on specific court cases instituted on the basis of claims by private individuals or the state represented by its national representatives. The prime adjudicator is the US Supreme Court.Before the victory in the War, the British colonies respected many laws of the Parliament governing the basic rules and setting the total volume of freedom of expression. Media was obliged to be licensed. Legally appointed officials were responsible for the conformity of future publications unacceptable in the familiarity of that time and qualified as the dissemination of slanderous fabrications for subversive purposes. It is not surprising that by the revoke of the 18th century, the inhabitants of the North American colonies began to suffer from these restrictions.Then disengagement of speech became a sign of smashing governance. As Franklin himself wrote, freedom of the media is the disengagement, for which every pensioner should be ready to fight and die. The opinion of Franklin was shared by the largest theorists of American constitutionalism, Jefferson, and Madison. Jefferson believed that the political consciousness of the people depends directly on the freedom of the press. A free media is the only(prenominal) real guarantee of security for all. In turn, Madison argued that public administration without free circulation of information is a real prolog to farce and tragedy.As for the legal precedents of defending free-thinking, we can refer to the case when, on November 17, 1734, the newspaper publisher from New York was accused of disseminating slanderous fabrications for subversive purposes for publishing anonymous criticism in the New York Weekly Journal to the British governor-general Cosby. Thanks to a lawyer, the publisher was acquitted by a jury. The lawyer managed to convince the jury that no one can be sentenced to criminal punishment for public criticism of the authorities, especially when such criticism corresponds to the real state of affairs. Thus, the legal mechanism for protecting media and delivering a true date to people in America deserves attention and is an example to follow for many countries.ReferencesFreedom of the press, William L.Chenery Greenwood Press 1977Freedom of the press, Merrill F.Hartshorn National Education Association of the United States 1980Freedom of the press rights and liberties under the law, Nancy C.Cornwell ABC-CLIO 2004

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Adjusting to Terrorism raiseDue to significant changes within the barbarous justice system in the join States of America, the effort to rubbish terrorism has grown to be more effective. The terrorist attack that occurred during family line 11, 2001, this terrorist attack happen to take protrude on American soil and become and monumental period in American history. Prior to September 11, 2001, the United States was more in a relax mode when regarding to a federal, state, and topical anaesthetic problems. The resources were not leveraged in certain cities and the capacity tended to focus on terrorism. The changes that required significant analysis on the attacks reflected how the country and local agencies around the country have adjusted to the threat of terrorism. A major component in the criminal justice system has contributed to the adjustment of the attack for the Department of Homeland Security.See moreThe 3 Types of badinage EssayI would consider using the Patriot A ct which is defined as a reception to terrorist attacks to September 11th, significantly reduced restrictions in a law enforcement agency. The intelligence of gathering information is for the United States of America. The combat efforts that I have gathered to aid my situation and provision of the Patriot Act atomic number 18 to prevent another catastrophic attack on United States soil. I have already be extraordinarily beneficial for the war on terrorism that we have to the opportunity to use and tackle it full point on. By resulting in a free flow of information that can be retrieve and integrated between different law enforcement agencies can help produce the intelligence information that is need to show the expansion of our ability to use all appropriate resources to prevent terrorism.My next step is trying and improves the technology in the US. Many experts tend to think that it is unnecessary for us to focus on vehicle crisscross the borders. Majority of the vehicles c rossing the border could be the most dangerous, because they will be transporting massive equipment to cause disruptions in the United States. The process to stay alert and aware of the different types of technology will be precise for us to stay afloat.ReferenceFBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.fbi.gov

African American Characteristics Paper Essay Example for Free

African the Statesn Characteristics Paper EssayAfrican the Statesn last in the unify States refers to the ethnic contri unlessions of Americans of African descent to the purification of the United States, either as part of or unadorned from American culture. The distinct identity of African American culture is rooted in the historical set about of the African American community. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential to American culture as a whole. Afro-American culture is rooted in Africa. It is a blend of chiefly sub-Saharan African and Sahelean cultures. Although slavery greatly restricted the ability of Americans of African descent to practice their heathenish traditions, many practices, values, and beliefs survived and everywhere clipping corroborate modified or blended with European American culture. in that respect atomic number 18 several(prenominal) facets of African American culture that were accentuated by the slavery period. The result is a unique and dynamic culture that has had and continues to accommodate a profound preserve on mainstream American culture, as well as the culture of the broader world (Rydell, 2010).Learning Team B has chosen African Americans as the culturally diverse throng we will focus on. The subjects in this paper will be African American narrative, family characteristics, p atomic number 18nting practices, language, and devotion. Also, the primary characteristics of African Americans and how those characteristics impact their experience as a subculture in American Society will be a topic. The last topic will be the implications of the characteristics for psychological theories and practices. History African Americans are the descendants of Africans brought to America during the slavery era.Many were owned as property and forced to work as day laborers in the fields or as servants in their owners homes. Others were allowed to work off their debts by universe bough and sold on the blo ck. An article titlight-emitting diode The Slave Auction of 1859 gives a brief account of what it was to be sold on the block The buyers, who were present to the number of about two hundred, clustered around the computer program while the Negroes, who were not likely to be immediately wanted, gathered into sad groups in the background to curb the progress of the selling in which they were so sorrowfully interested.The wind howlight-emitting diode outside, and through the open side of the build the driving rain came pouring in the bar down stairs ceased for a short time its brisk trade the buyers lit fresh cigars, got ready their catalogues and pencils, and the first lot of human chattels are led upon the stand, not by a white man, tho by a sleek mulatto, himself a slave, and who seems to date the selling of his brethren, in which he so glibly assists, as a capital joke. It had been announced that the Negroes would be sold in families, that is to say a man would not be parted fr om his wife, or a mother from a very young child.There is perhaps as much policy as humanity in this arrangement, for thereby many aged and unserviceable people are disposed of, who contraryly would not find a ready sale (New York Daily Tribune, 1928). President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of civil war. The proclamation declared that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free. Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways.It applied nevertheless to states that had seceded from the trade union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. It too expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory. History pages often claim President Lincoln as The Great Emancipator which well-nigh e ducated adults come to learn is an over exaggeration. The general consensus is that Lincoln never freed a single slave, and only used the proclamation as a means to get what he wanted from the states.Once freed or so African Americans clam up experienced racial violence and lived in fear for many years. In 1870 the ordinal amendment was added to the constitution giving blacks the right to vote. Although blacks were free they were still segregated from the white people, made to go to different prepares, stores, and even ride at the back of the bus. In 1954 the supreme courts declared segregation in school unconstitutional due to the Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. The civil right accomplishment was at its peak during 1955-1965.Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, ensuring basic civil rights for all Americans, disregardless of race, after nearly a decade of nonviolent protests and marches, ranging from the 1955-1956 M ontgomery bus boycotts to the student-led sit-ins of the 1960s to the huge adjoin on Washington in 1963. In 1968 President Johnson signed the Civil Right act prohibiting variety in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. Some of the most famous leader of the civil right movement embarrasss Martin Luther fagot Jr. , Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks and many others.Although civil rights were established many African American still struggled to be treated fairly in America. Affirmative Action was established in 1978 by a ruling of the Supreme Court to ensure that minorities are given an opportunity that they may have missed because of their race. In 2008 Barack Obama was the first African American to be nominated for a major party campaigner for president. He was elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008, and sworn in on January 20, 2009. Family and Parenting Characteristics As with most cultures, African Americans model a high value on their families.I n the United States African American familys make-up 12. 9 percent of the population according to the 2003 US Census. The US census in any case shows that for African Americans over the age of 15 there are 34 percent married, quintette percent separated, eleven percent divorced, seven percent widowed, and 43 percent were never married. According to the low gear Things First website, African Americans are the most un-partnered group in America (Medium, 2011, para. 4). One major culture of African American families is communalism, which is very important for ruling functioning ( third house, 2010).Hall (2010) describes African American families as having three family guinea pigs. The first type is the cohesive-authoritative that is explained to be a family with high cohesion along with being supportive, nurturing, and baffling with their children (Hall, 2010). The second type of family is the conflictive-authoritarian that is defined as families with conflict and the parents a re controlling, critical, and express unhappiness with children (Hall, 2010). The last type of family Hall (2010) explains is the defensive- neglectful, that did not like other racial groups and too did not teach their children to be gallant of being an African American.One significant trend that has been determined about the African American family organise is that the more interconnected the family is, the lower the rate of depression in African Americans (Hall, 2010). Based on these findings, a program called Strong African American Families has been created in order to strengthen the relationships between parents and children. According to Hall (2010), The Strong African American Families program also has been found to reduce preadolescent risky sexual behaviors, preadolescent alcohol use, and parental depression among African American families (p.95).This kind of program has been very effective in keeping families cohesive and helping to improve the goal of communalism. Lang uage Generations of hardships imposed on the African American community created distinctive language patterns. Slave owners often by choice mixed people who communicate different African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English. This, combined with prohibitions against education, led to the development of pidginsimplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages can use to communicate.Examples of pidgins that became fully developed languages include Creole, viridity to Louisiana, and Gullah, common to the Sea Islandsoff the coast of South Carolina and Georgia (Rydell, 2010). It is sad to think that slave owners intentionally put Africans with people who did not speak their language to discourage communication, but is have been researched and proven to be true. Slavery is not the only element to African American culture, and it often seems that when discussing African American culture slavery is the main topic.However, when discussing language the centuries of slavery that they endured have everything to do with the evolution of African-American language. Now that we have covered the origin of African American language we can discuss the American perspective of where forward-looking day African American language stands, and how this effects the culture. African American common English (AAVE)also called African American English less precisely Black English, Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), or Black Vernacular English (BVE)is an African Americanvariety( dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of American English.Non-linguists sometimes call it Ebonics(a term that also has other meanings or strong connotations) or jive or jive-talk. Its pronunciation is, in some respects, common to Southern American English, which is spoken by many African Americans and many non-African Americans in the United States. There is little regional variation among speakers of AAVE. Several creolists, including William Stewart, John Dillard, and John Rickford, argue that AAVE shares so many characteristics with Creole dialects spoken by black people in much of the world that AAVE itself is a Creole dialect while others maintain that there are no significant parallels.As with all linguistic forms, its practice session is influenced by age, status, topic and setting. There are many literary uses of this variety of English, particularly in African-American literature (Rydell, 2010). Of course this information does not imply that all African Americans speak a meter reading of AAVE, only that it is very common and prevalent throughout the modern day African American culture. godliness In the African American community religion plays an extremely significant role. The story of African-American religion is a tale of variety and creative fusion.Enslaved Africans transported to the New World beginning in the fifteenth degree Celsius brought with them a wide range of local religious beliefs and practices. This diversity reflected the many cultures and linguistic groups from which they had come. The majority came from the western United States Coast of Africa, but even within this area religious traditions varied greatly. Islam had also exerted a powerful presence in Africa for several centuries before the start of the slave trade an estimated twenty percent of enslaved people were practicing Muslims, and some retained elements of their practices and beliefs well into the ordinal century.Preserving African religions in North America proved to be very difficult. The harsh circumstances under which most slaves livedhigh death rates, the separation of families and tribal groups, and the conjunctive effort of white owners to eradicate heathen (or non-Christian) customsrendered the preservation of religious traditions difficult and often unsuccessful. obscure songs, rhythms, movements, and beliefs in the curative powers of roots and the efficacy of a world of spirits and anc estors did survive well into the nineteenth century.Historically during their most difficult times the African American relied on their religious beliefs to endure. During the civil rights movement black churches were often the target of racial violence because that was a place that African Americans spent most of their time. This was a place where they often held meetings to discuss their civil rights efforts. African Americans practice a number of religions, but Protestant Christianity is by far the most prevalent. Some African and African American also notice the Muslim and Judaism.According to Fife, Kilgour, Canter and Adegoke (2010), African spiritual traditions have historically held a central place in African American communalism (Mbiti, 1990) and were vital to survival during the time of slavery. In African and African American culture the concept of spirituality is inseparable from all other aspects of human experience. The spiritual and the physical are indistinguishable (Mbiti, 1990). A deep connection exists between humans, God, family, and group (Barrett, 1974).Spirituality is not compartmentalized into systematized beliefs and practices but woven into everyday experience (Boyd Franklin, 1989). The Black church is the primary means through which many African Americans express their religious and spiritual beliefs and values (Richardson June, 1997). This institution is a central force in African American childhood and adolescent identity and helps to shape ideas about what comprises community. Many African American children have christen ceremonies for they can even walk or talk.African American families generally spend a substantial amount of time within their places of worship. Conclusion For review, the big questions the above research addressed were What are the primary cultural characteristics of this selected group? How do the characteristics of this group impact its experience as a subculture in American society? How might the cultural as pects of this group be applied to traditional psychological conjecture? What are the implications of these characteristics for psychological theory and practice?We have found that the primary cultural characteristics of the African America culture are their history of slavery in America, distinct family and parenting practices, slavery based evolution of their language, and their utilise religious beliefs. The characteristics of this group impact its experience as a subculture in American society by enticing others in to the culture and sparking curiosity around the world. African Americans make up a gauzy percentage of the minority in America. However African American culture dominates the world of music, fashion, and professional sports.The cultural aspects of the African American group can be applied to traditional psychological theory when considering family dynamics, cultural perspectives, and how these aspects influence mental health. The implications of these characteristi cs for psychological theory and practice would focus on how the African American history of slavery in America influences their world view, how family and parenting practices mold their ideals of what a family should be, how religion influences their beliefs and actions, and how language distinguishes them from others and what psychological impact this has on them as a whole.For many years African-American culture developed separately from mainstream American culture, both because of slavery and the persistence of racial discrimination in America, as well as African-American slave descendants desire to create and maintain their own traditions. Today, African-American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct cultural body. References Fife, J. , McCreary, M. , Kilgour, J. , Canter, D. , Adegoke, A. (2010). Self Identification Among African American and Caucasian College Students. College Student Journal, 44(4), 994. Retri eved from EBSCOhost.Hall, G. C. N. (2010). Multicultural psychology (2nd ed. ). Upper commit River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. Medium. (2011). First Things First. Retrieved from http//firstthings. org/page/research/african-american-family-facts New York Daily Tribune, March 9, 1859 reprinted in Hart, Albert B. , American History Told by Contemporaries v. 4 (1928). Retrieved from http//eyewitnesstohistory. com Rydell, R. J. , Hamilton, D. L. , Devos, T. (2010). NOW THEY ARE AMERICAN, NOW THEY ARE NOT valence AS A DETERMINANT OF THE INCLUSION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE AMERICAN IDENTITY. Social Cognition, 28(2), 161-179. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.